Some maintenance matters of electric bicycles

First, pay attention to cleaning. After contact with water, especially salt water in winter (many cities spray salt water after heavy snow in winter to avoid freezing), it is necessary to clean it in time, otherwise it is very easy to cause metal parts to rust and paint film to age and fall off. Second, pay attention to the maximum adjustment height. After riding a new car for a period of time, the whole car should be checked and adjusted according to the requirements of the manual. At this time, tightening and lubrication are essential. Check whether the fasteners are loose and whether the transmission parts are flexible. Pay attention to wipe off the floating oil after lubricating the chain, and add a little oil to the flywheel. The tire should be properly inflated, otherwise it will affect the comfort and service life of riding. The brake is the basic guarantee of safety, and it should be checked at any time. If any problems are found, they should be adjusted or repaired immediately.

1. The height of the saddle and handlebars should be adjusted before using the electric bicycle to ensure riding comfort and reduce fatigue. The height of the saddle and handlebars should vary from person to person. Generally, the height of the saddle is suitable for the rider to be able to land reliably with one foot (the whole vehicle should be basically upright), and the height of the handlebars is suitable for the rider to keep his forearm flat and his shoulders and arms relaxed. However, the adjustment of the saddle and handlebars should first ensure that the insertion depth of the overtube and the handlebar must be higher than the safety mark line.

2. The front and rear brakes should be checked and adjusted before using the electric bicycle. The front brake is controlled by the right brake handle, and the rear brake is controlled by the left brake handle. The adjustment of the front and rear brakes is appropriate when the left and right brake handles reach half of the stroke, and the brake pads should be replaced in time if they are excessively worn.

3. The tightness of the chain should be checked before the electric bicycle is used. If the chain is too tight, it will be difficult to pedal when riding, and if it is too loose, it will easily vibrate and rub against other parts. The sag of the chain is 1-2mm, which is more suitable. Generally, it can be tightened appropriately when riding without pedals. When adjusting the chain, first loosen the rear wheel nut, adjust the chain tightness by evenly screwing in and out the left and right chain adjustment screws, and re-tighten the rear wheel nut.

4. The lubrication of the chain should be checked before using the electric bicycle. Feel and observe whether the chain shaft of the chain rotates flexibly and whether the chain links are severely corroded. If the tire is rusted or not flexible, add an appropriate amount of lubricant. If it is serious, replace the chain.

5. Before riding an electric bicycle, check the tire pressure, handlebar steering flexibility, front and rear wheel rotation flexibility, circuit, battery power, motor working condition, and lights, horns, fasteners, etc. to see if they meet the requirements.

(1) Insufficient tire pressure will increase the friction between the tire and the road, thereby shortening the mileage; it will also reduce the flexibility of the handlebar rotation, affecting the comfort and safety of riding. When the air pressure is insufficient, the air pressure should be replenished in time. The tire pressure should be in accordance with the recommended air pressure in the "Electric Bicycle Instruction Manual" or the specified air pressure on the tire surface.

(2) When the handlebar is not flexible, stuck, stiff or tight, it should be lubricated or adjusted in time. Lubrication generally uses butter, calcium-based or lithium-based grease; when adjusting, first loosen the front fork lock nut, rotate the front fork upper stop, and when the handlebar rotation flexibility meets the requirements, lock the front fork lock nut.

(3) Poor rotation flexibility of the front and rear wheels will increase rotation friction, increase power consumption, and thus reduce the mileage. Therefore, once a fault occurs, lubrication and maintenance should be carried out in time. Generally, butter, calcium-based or lithium-based grease is used for lubrication; if it is a shaft failure, the steel ball or shaft can be replaced. If it is a motor failure, it should be repaired by a professional maintenance unit.

(4) When checking the circuit, turn on the power switch to check whether the circuit is unobstructed, whether the connectors are firmly and reliably plugged in, whether the fuse works normally, and especially whether the connection between the battery output terminal and the cable is firm and reliable. If a fault is found, it should be eliminated in time.

(5) Before traveling, check the battery power and judge whether the battery power is sufficient based on the mileage of the trip. If the power is insufficient, it should be supplemented by human power to avoid undervoltage of the battery.

(6) Before traveling, the working condition of the motor should also be checked. Start the motor and adjust its speed to observe and listen to the operation of the motor. If there is any abnormality, it should be repaired in time.

(7) Before using an electric bicycle, check the lights and horn, especially when traveling at night. The headlights should be bright, and the beam should generally fall within a range of 5-10 meters in front of the front of the vehicle; the horn should sound loud and not hoarse; the turn signal should flash normally and the turn indication should be normal, with the flashing frequency of the light being 75-80 times/minute; the instrument display should be normal.

(8) Before traveling, check whether the main fasteners are tightened, such as the handlebar, stem, saddle, saddle tube, front wheel, rear wheel, middle shaft, lock nut, pedal, etc. The fasteners should not be loose. If the fasteners are loose or fall off, they should be tightened or replaced in time. The recommended torque of each fastener is generally: 18N.m for the handlebar, stem, saddle, saddle tube, front wheel, and pedal, and 30N.m for the middle shaft lock nut and rear wheel.

6. Try not to use zero starting (i.e. starting in place) for electric bicycles, especially when loaded and uphill. When starting, you should first ride with human power, and then switch to electric driving when reaching a certain speed, or directly use electric assist driving. This is because when starting, the motor must first overcome static friction. At this time, the current is large, close to or even reaches the resistance current, causing the battery to work with a large current, accelerating the damage of the battery.

7. When riding an electric bicycle, try to use human power or electric power, especially when going uphill, carrying weight, driving against the wind, or on a bumpy road. In this way, it can avoid the battery from discharging with a large current for a long time, damaging the battery, which is conducive to increasing the mileage of a single charge and extending the service life of the battery.

8. Electric bicycles are not suitable for bumpy or steep roads (generally ≤8°). If you encounter such a road, you should drive slowly or get off and push it. When driving on this kind of road, the working environment of the motor, controller, battery, etc. is poor, which will reduce the service life and easily damage it.

9. When riding an electric bicycle, you should avoid frequent braking and starting. Before or at the same time, you should return the speed control handle to its position. Try to use human power riding in areas with congested roads. In this way, you can avoid damage to the battery caused by a large current during starting.

10. The standard load capacity of electric bicycles is 75 kg, and overloading should be avoided as much as possible. If overloaded, human riding or human assistance should be used.

11. When using electric bicycles in cold weather, human assistance or electric assistance should be used as much as possible; and attention should also be paid to the battery power and voltage indication. Generally, when the weather is cold, the discharge depth of the battery should be appropriately reduced, and it must not be driven in an undervoltage state. This is because the charging and discharge capabilities of the battery are reduced in cold weather.

12. Electric bicycles are not afraid of rain and snow. However, when wading in water, the water level should not exceed the lower edge of the electric wheel hub bearing seat to prevent water from entering the motor and causing damage. After riding in rain and snow, wipe it clean as soon as possible; if the electrical parts are soaked in water, they should also be dried with a hair dryer. To avoid corrosion of iron parts and circuit leakage, short circuit and other faults.

13. When riding in rain and snow, the driving speed should be appropriately reduced, and the braking distance should be increased when braking to prevent skidding and U-turns, so as not to endanger personal safety.

14. Electric bicycles should avoid long-term exposure to sunlight and should be placed in a cool place when stored. Sunlight exposure will accelerate the aging of paint, plastic parts, rubber parts and electronic components, reducing their service life and reliability.

15. When charging the battery, you should use a matching or manufacturer-specified charger, and do not mix them; when charging, the battery and charger should be placed in a ventilated and cool place, and should be placed securely. They should be away from flammable and explosive items, avoid high temperature, humidity and water, and are prohibited from being covered with objects. Infants and children are prohibited from contacting them. When charging, you should first confirm that the grid voltage and frequency meet the requirements of the charger, then connect the battery to the charger output, and the charger input to the grid; after charging is completed, disconnect the grid first and then disconnect the charger from the battery. It usually takes 6-8 hours to charge a lead-acid battery.

16. When the battery reaches an undervoltage state, it should be stopped and charged as soon as possible. It is prohibited to use the battery's recovery voltage, and it is prohibited to deep discharge and over-discharge the battery. It is best to charge it as you use it, so that it is always in a fully charged state. It is recommended to charge it at least once a day.

17. When storing batteries, they should be placed in a cool place with moderate air humidity, and the batteries should be kept upright; when storing for a long time, they should be fully charged first and the power should be replenished regularly, usually once a month. When storing lead-acid batteries for a long time, you can add a few drops of distilled water to offset the evaporation of water and reduce the sulfidation of the plates.

18. When using an electric bicycle for the first time, you should read the "Instruction Manual" carefully to understand the performance of the electric bicycle. Do not lend it to people who cannot operate an electric bicycle.

19. Mental patients, alcoholics and other disabled people who are not suitable for riding are prohibited from using electric bicycles; patients with heart disease, epilepsy and color blindness should be cautious when riding.

20. Electric bicycles are non-motorized vehicles. When riding, you should abide by traffic rules and drive on non-motorized vehicle lanes or local designated lanes.

21. Electric bicycles should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place away from corrosive liquids and gases; when storing, the whole vehicle should be upright and the tire pressure should be sufficient; no heavy objects should be loaded on the body; and the batteries should be stored separately.